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1840-1895
Ren Bonian (Ren Yi, 1840–1895) was a leading painter of the Shanghai School, the loose community of artists who reshaped Chinese painting for a newly commercial, cosmopolitan city. Born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang, the son of a rice merchant who also painted portraits, he moved to Shanghai after his father's death and built a career there executing figures, birds-and-flowers, and portraits with unusual speed and bravura. He is grouped with Ren Xiong, Ren Xun and Ren Yu as one of the "Four Rens," though his own reputation eclipsed theirs. His early work drew on Song-dynasty models of careful observation; over time his brushwork loosened into something bolder and more spontaneous, shaped by the eccentric, ink-splashed manner of Zhu Da. That combination of technical control and expressive freedom, along with his confident use of color, made him one of the most influential figures of late Qing painting. His work is now held in museums across the world, from the Palace Museum and Shanghai Museum to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Honolulu Museum of Art.