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Giorgio de Chirico founded the metaphysical painting movement in early twentieth-century Italy, creating dreamlike cityscapes that profoundly shaped twentieth-century art. Born in Volos, Greece, in 1888, he grew up between Athens, Munich, and Florence before settling in Paris in 1911, where he developed his distinctive imagery of empty arcades, elongated shadows, mannequins, and trains inspired by his reading of Nietzsche and Schopenhauer.
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