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Fernand Léger (1881–1955) was a French painter, sculptor, and filmmaker who transformed Cubism into something bold, mechanical, and public-facing. Trained first as an architect before turning seriously to painting in his mid-twenties, he developed a rounded, cylindrical variant of Cubism nicknamed 'Tubism,' seen in works like Nudes in the Forest. His experience as a soldier in the trenches of World War I redirected him toward the imagery of machines, tools, and modern labor, launching a 'mechanical period' of gleaming tubular forms.
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